Civilization and living body. A fundamental consideration to the evolution theory.
		by Hiromasa Noguti.
	This at first was written in Japanese in 1998 year. (http://www2.justnet.ne.jp/~cotosiro/sinka1.htm or others.)Then, it was translated into English in February 2000. (http://www2.justnet.ne.jp/~cotosiro/with0.htm or others.) However, since it was the unsatisfactory performance, it was rewritten many times. October 10, 2003. This again was rewritten a little in February 13, 2005.
		Individual and society.
	The many organisms, trying to adapt to the natural environment, form the based society on each biological characteristic. Or, it may be better to say all organisms are so. If so, would the society like that be born by what kind of mechanism and also be maintained how ? If it thinks of the thing with the obedient mind, it seems that the first external factor as the incentive to construct a society is the physical circumstances of the moment where the organisms as the individuals are given birth. In other words, when a ameba divides to become new amebas, the divided amebas exist under the very close adhesion condition. And, the phenomenon like that looks to be very similar to the situation where amebas come together to make spores. At any rate, the physical circumstances like that were effective for their reproduction, predation, the defense and so on as if it has been given intentionally. In other words, it seems the first circumstances like that were the first external factor to promote the cooperation among the individuals. Of course, in that case, it is natural the creature's certain internal factors act on the undercurrent in the construction of society mentioned above. And, it also is natural these internal factors are the information transmission being among the individuals, are the intention of the cooperation. In other words, it can say the internal factors like that, reacting to the stimulus brought out of the outside environment, appear as the concrete effects. And, this applies to all the creatures probably though it seems the density of the sociality is different corresponding to the species and the circumstances. However, it seems that the above-mentioned information transmission not only is biological theme, but also is the theme related to the theoretical physics and philosophy. It is because every recognition, though containing the established recognition with understanding the phenomenon, is finally considered as one aspect of the information transmission. But, since it seems it is different from the theme to consider this time, it is stated a little at the 11th knot. By the way, it can find out the origin of society mentioned in the above even about a microorganism. However, if the words of "society" aren't proper for the microorganism, it thinks to substitute the "colony" for it, following the usual way. At any rate, there is the information to be exchanged among the individuals at the colony like that. And, it seems it can notice the germination of society, with observing the sight of the cooperation. However, if it observes the organisms carefully, the classification between the individual and the colony isn't clear at all as for the certain kind of microorganisms. Then, if it tries to decide the classification like that strictly, the unclear condition mentioned above also applies even to the higher animal. In other words, it seems that a individual, a colony and a society, and so on rather are the relative concept, are the unstable concept if it doesn't consider the conditions for the application. So, if it tries to understand the above thing, it can adopt, as the easy example, the behavior where the amebas make the spores. When the amebas fall into the dangerous environment, the amebas, gathering to one place, compose an earthworm-shaped aggregate. Then, the aggregate of the amebas like that, while absorbing his surrounding amebas furthermore, roams around. It is said it roams around to look for the suitable place to make the spores. Then, they, when finding out the suitable place to make the spores, start to organize to make spores there. But, to tell the truth, it can't judge at once whether it is "he" or is "they". At any rate, the amebas do the differentiation to the spores and the support body with organizing like that. But, at that time, the amebas composing the support body, to protect the spores, become the stout condition with leading oneself to the death. On the other hand, when the dangerous environment is improved, the amebas becoming the spores are born again as the individual cells and start the usual activities. Therefore, when the amebas compose the spores, it can presume they are exchanging each other a kind of information. If not, it would be impossible they compose a organization whether it is complex or not. Moreover, the information transmission like that looks to be same as the information transmission seen among the cells composing a individual's body. And, at least in the viewpoint of the logic, it also seems the information transmission like that is same as the information transmission the fertilized eggs make one's organization establish. In other words, it can presume the aggregate of amebas, at that time, is one organism aiming at the reproduction. However, at that time, the aggregate of the amebas doesn't look to supply oneself energy. If so, it seems the aggregate like that is a little different from the general concept of the individual. But, the organism not doing the energy supply in the period of the reproduction never be a few. Therefore, even if there is the above fact, it can't assert that the aggregate like that is not an individual. However, it is possible that each ameba composing one aggregate has the characteristic genes different from each. Needless to say, the individual usually is born from one cell or from the fertilized egg. In other words, it doesn't seem one cell composing the body has the different gene from other cells of the same body. If so, by any chance, the aggregate composed of the amebas may be not the individual. However, if it observes the organisms strictly, others' genes get into the cells of the individual from the outside world as a time and cooperate with other genes to maintain the said organism, keeping staying. And, conversely, there also are the genes as a time going out from one's organism. If so, it can't assert that all the cells composing the individual always have the same combination of the genes. In other words, the concept of a individual isn't so clear, even if it doesn't want the condition like that. By the way, the individuals, with cooperating each, form the society. It seems the aspect like that resembles the aspect of the organism formation very much. In other words, it seems that the movement factor for forming the individual's body has the same characteristic as the movement factor for forming the society. And, if so, the two movement factors like that may be based on the similar genetic information. At least, it seems the movement factors like that act, based on the same logic. It is because it seems that the purpose of a society and organism is the species-preservation, is the reproduction and evolution of the genetic information, is finally the preservation of the genetic information. In other words, it is certain the same logic of something is acting for the formation of individual and for the formation of the colony and society. If so, it seems it can apply the above logic and ambiguity stated about the concept of a individual and colony not only to the colony of microorganisms but also to the colony and society of the higher forms of life. And, since the mankind also is a multicellular organism, of course, the above logic and ambiguity are applied to the human society as well. Moreover, the logic like that and ambiguity like that are seen even into the relationship among the different species. Probably, it seems it can apply this logic until reaching to at least the ecosystem. However, as for the detail, it is stated later. At any rate, it thinks about an individual and a society a little more with understanding the above viewpoint. By the way, the society has the organizations always. And, it seems the minimum unit composing the organization usually is so-called individual. However, the form and complexity of the society is very different each, corresponding to the biological species, and so on. And, it seems the difference like that is brought by the following two factors. That is, it is the difference in the effect of the natural environment corresponding to the species and is the difference in the reaction of the organism(genetic factors and brain, and so on) to that environment. Needless to say, it is natural the reaction from one genetic factor is decided by the relationship with other genetic factors. However, it is certain the organism's behavior is influenced also from the characteristic form and quality besides the above two factors considerably. So, the factors to be based on the genetic trait for organism's behavior can be classed to the next four elements.  1 : The mean value at the individual's size and shape about the certain species.  2 : The mean value of the ability for the behavior and for the perception.  3 : The existence of the sex. And, the aspect of the sex.  4 : A difference of each individual's shape.(Size is considered, too.). Of course, the above genetic traits are making the same colony the target in this case. And, it is certain the characteristic form and quality is influenced by a natural environment when the expression of the genetic trait appears on the organism. However, even if the characteristic form and quality is stated as the genetic trait, it seems it is no problem in this case. By the way, in this case, it seems the characteristic form and quality like that is natural environment, that is, the outside environment to cope with if it is seen from the genes. If so, it seems there is the genetic factor group coping with one's organism's characteristic form and quality judged as the outside environment. If so, it seems they also administer the sociality and the form of the society if it considers the ambiguity of the individual and colony and if the future consideration is proper. So, it thinks to name the genetic factor group like that the social form-genetic factor group. And, in this case, since the social form-genetic factor group regards the characteristic form and quality as the outside environment and copes with the characteristic form and quality, the genetic factor group like that is relating to evolution deeply. In other words, it can say the social form-genetic factor group like that is the fundamental internal factors at evolution. But, as for the details, it is stated later.
		First knot	NEXT PAGE
	cotosiro